CBSE revises class 9, 10 language policy, three-language rule mandatory from 2026-27

In a major policy change for secondary education, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has announced a revised language framework for students of Classes 9 and 10, to be implemented from the 2026-27 academic session.

The changes were outlined in a circular issued on May 15, with the board stating that the new structure has been aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF-SE) 2023.

Three-language mandate

Under the revised scheme, the study of three languages, R1, R2, and R3, will become compulsory for all students of Classes 9 and 10 from July 1, 2026. CBSE has also clarified that at least two of these languages must be native Indian languages.

According to CBSE, the decision followed a review of the recently released NCERT syllabus for Classes 9 and 10 for the 2026-27 academic year. Although the current academic session began in April 2026, CBSE said the revised policy would be introduced through a transitional approach.

“With effect from July 1, 2026, for Class IX, the study of three languages (R1, R2, R3) shall be compulsory, with at least two languages being native Indian languages," the circular stated.

“All assessments for R3 shall be entirely school-based and internal. The performance of students in R3 will be duly reflected in the CBSE certificate. It is clarified that no student will be barred from appearing in the Class X Board Examinations due to R3. Sample question papers, rubrics for internal assessment will be shared by the Board shortly," it added.

Foreign language option

As part of the updated framework, students opting for a foreign language will be allowed to do so only if the other two selected languages are native Indian languages. Foreign languages may also be studied as an additional fourth language, reported NDTV.

CBSE has directed affiliated schools to review the updated curriculum goals, competencies, and learning outcomes related to language education. The board also noted that there is nearly 75 to 80 per cent overlap in language competencies such as reading comprehension, oral communication, grammar, and writing skills between middle stage and secondary stage education.

Textbooks and transition support

Until dedicated R3 textbooks are introduced, Class 9 students will use Class 6 R3 textbooks of the chosen language during the 2026-27 academic year. Schools have also been asked to supplement these with local or state literary material, including poems, short stories, and fiction works.

CBSE further stated that detailed guidelines on supplementary material will be issued by June 15, 2026. It also acknowledged that some schools may face teacher shortages during the transition and permitted flexible arrangements, including Sahodaya cluster resource sharing, hybrid teaching support, retired teachers, and qualified postgraduate educators. Class 6 R3 textbooks in 19 scheduled languages will be available before July 1, 2026.

(With agency inputs)